模拟浏览器调用的测试用例

• 视图代码的测试用例，除了前面讲过的django.test.RequestFactory，也可以使用dajngo.test.Client模拟浏览器的请求方式走整个django响应流程。
• django.test中的Client类，用于模仿浏览器http请求。示例代码：

  from django.test import Client
    # 创建客户端
    self.client = Clist()
  

• 代码示例：

  from django.test import client
    from django.urls import reverse
    from test_plus.test import TestCase
  
    from .models import News
  
    class NewsViewsTest(TestCase):
  
        def setUp(self):
            self.other_client = Client()
            # 用户登录
            self.client.login(username="user01",password="password")
            self.other_client.login(username="user02",password="password")
            self.first_news = News.objects.create(
                user=self.user,
                content="第一条记录"
            )
            self.second_news = News.objects.create(
                user=self.user,
                content="第二条记录"
            )
            self.third_news = News.objects.create(
                user=self.other_user,
                content="第二条记录",
                reply=True,
                parent=self.first_news
            )
  
        def test_news_list(self):
            """测试列表页功能"""
            response self.client.get(reverse("news:list"))
            assert response.status_code == 200
            assert self.first_news in response.context["news_list"]
            assert self.second_news in response.context["news_list"]
            assert self.thrid_news not in response.context["news_list"]
  
        def test_delete_news(self):
            """删除动态"""
            initial_count = News.objects.count()
            response = self.client.post(reverse("news:delete_news",kwargs={"pk":self.second_news.pk} ))
            assert response.status_code = 302
            assert News.objects.count() == initial_count - 1
  
        def test_post_new(self):
            initial_count = News.objects.count()
            response = self.client.post(
                reverse("news:post_news"),{"post":"内容文字"},
                HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH="XMLHttpRequest" # 表示发送ajax请求
            )
            assert response.status_code == 200
            assert News.objects.count() == initial_count + 1
  
        def test_like_news(self):
            response = self.client.post(
                reverse("news:like_post"),{"news":self.first_news.pk},
                HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH="XMLHttpRequest"
            )
            assert response.status_code == 200
            assert self.first_news_count_likers() == 1
            assert self.user in self.first_news.get_likers()
            assert response.json()["likes"] == 1  # 从ajax请求的返回值中取值
  

django第三方实用库

python-slugify生成url别名

• slugify是指可以根据一段标题，生成一个符合标题内容的拼音字符串（通常被称为url的别名）。
• uuslug，用于生成一串uuid的url别名。
• slugify的使用：

  from slugify import slugify
    text = "这里是标题内容"
    print(slugify(text))
    # 输出zhe-li-shi-biao-ti-nei-rong
  

• 在models.py中集成slugify：

  # models.py
    # 重写模型中save方法即可
  
    class Article(models.Model):
        ...省略...
  
        def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None):
            self.slug = slugify(self.title)
            super().save()
  

django-taggit标签tag管理

• django-taggit用于管理标签。

• 在models.py中集成django-taggit：

  from taggit.managers import TaggableManager
  
    class Article(models.Model):
        ...省略...
        tags = TaggableManager(help_text="多个标签使用英文逗号隔开",verbose_name="标签")
  

  # setting.py中添加taggit应用
    THIRD_PARTY_APPS = [
        ...省略...
        'taggit',
    ]